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Pivotal Cloud Foundry (PCF) is an enterprise platform as a service (PaaS) based on the open source Cloud Foundry project. The PCF container-based architecture will run applications in any programming language on most cloud service providers. This allows developers to use cloud platforms that suit specific application workloads and deploy those workloads as needed without making any changes to the application.
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The Avi Vantage platform is built on software-defined principles, enabling next-generation architects to deliver the flexibility and simplicity expected by IT and the line of business. The Avi Vantage architecture separates the data and control planes to deliver application services across load balancing.
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Avi Manager is a point of control and management that works as the brain of Avi Vantage. Avi controllers regularly exchange information securely with SEs and with each other. The health of servers, client connection statistics, and client request documents received by SEs are often assigned to administrators, who share the task of running records and general analysis.
Avi Service Engines (SE) manage all data plane functions in Avi Vantage by receiving and executing instructions from the controller. SE handles load balancing and all client and server-facing network communications.
Avi Vantage works in conjunction with PCF’s Gorouter component. Ingress gorouter routes from the world to virtual machines running the same deployment applications as ingress to Kubernetes. Avi Vantage can also be used to load balance TCProuters at Layer 4 for non-HTTP applications.
Avi Vantage can be deployed on-prem or in any cloud environment allowing for easy deployments to load balance the traffic in any environment. Avi provides a variety of real-time application insights and metrics to ease troubleshooting.
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Avi Vantage can be used as a load balancer for routers as well as a global load balancer within a datacenter/region or across availability zones across multiple datacenters/regions.
This option will use the subnet/port group that is directly connected to the server for the virtual service address, or use a VIP pool that is reached via static routes configured on the router.
This option will use BGP to peer with upstream routers to advertise VIP addresses. This increases the size and performance of ECMP.
Starting with Avi Vantage version 20.1.1, we support the Access Right NSX-T cloud type, which allows the workstation to sit next to the NSX-T t1 router and static routes will be automatically configured.
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To validate the health of GoRouters, an endpoint is provided, which Avi uses to query their health status. Configure the health monitor to target health on port 8080. GoRouter will return 200 if healthy.
It is recommended to have three controllers in a cluster configured for production deployments. Avi Manager requires minimum specifications of CPU, RAM and storage. Refer to the Avi Control Section article for sizing instructions.
For PCF deployments, SE size depends on application traffic profiles. Refer to the Sizing Service Machines article for SE sizing instructions.
Changing GoRouter may affect SE performance. If GoRouters are not sized for applications, SE performance will be limited. Backup re-encryption can also reduce GoRouter performance.
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Each site will require measurements for its own SE plus additional SE for GSLB requirements between sites. This topic gives you an overview of Cloud Foundry Security. For an overview of container security, see Container Security.
In a typical deployment of Cloud Foundry, components run on virtual machines (VMs) located within VLANs.
In this configuration, the only access points visible on the public network are load balancers that map to one or more Cloud Foundry Routers and, optionally, NAT VMs and jump boxes. Due to the limited number of points of contact with the public Internet, the surface area for possible security vulnerabilities is reduced.
Essential Cloud Foundry recommends that you also install a firewall to access the NAT VM and BOSH Director for outbound requests, although these access points are optional depending on your network configuration.
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All traffic from the public Internet to Cloud Manager and UAA is passed over HTTPS. Within the system boundary, components communicate over the public-subscriber (pub-sub) bus NATS, HTTP, and SSL/TLS.
Operators use Cloud Foundry with BOSH. BOSH Director is the main orchestrating component in BOSH: it manages VM creation and deployment as well as other software and service life events. It uses HTTPS to ensure secure communication with BOSH Director.
Cloud Foundry recommends that you use BOSH Director on a subnet that is not publicly accessible and access BOSH Director from a dropbox on the subnet or through a VPN.
BOSH includes the following capabilities for security: * Communications with VMs running NATS. Because NATS cannot be accessed from outside of the Cloud Platform, this ensures that published messages can only come from a component within your deployment. * Provide audit trail through ‘bosch -all’ tasks and ‘bosch -recent=VALUE’ commands. “BOSH tasks -all” returns a table that shows all BOSH actions performed by the operator or other processes. `bosch tasks –recent=VALUE` returns a table of recent tasks, where `VALUE` is the number of recent tasks you want to see. * Allows you to set individual login accounts for each operator. BOSH operators have root access.
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Isolation partitions provide isolated pools of resources to which applications can be deployed to isolate workloads. Using isolation partitions completely separates app resources as if they were in different Cloud Infrastructure deployments but avoids redundant management components and unnecessary network complexity.
You can design separate sections for specific use by orgs and spaces in Cloud Foundry. This ensures that applications within the org or site use resources that are not already being used by other organizations or spaces. For more information, see Organization, Fields, Roles, and Permissions.
. A partition object has no internal structure beyond these two properties at the Cloud Foundry level, but BOSH shares partition partition names with Diego cells through them.
This diagram shows how the separate components enable applications to run on different pools of Diego cells and how the Diego cells communicate with each other and with the control components:
Consume External Service Using Application Router
For information about how to create and manage partitions in a Cloud Foundation deployment, see Managing Partitions.
User Account and Authentication (UAA) is a central identity management function for Cloud Infrastructure and its various components.
UAA acts as an OAuth2 authorization server and issues access tokens to applications requesting platform resources. Tokens are based on JSON web tokens and are digitally tokenized by UAA.
Operators can configure the identity store in UAA. If users register an account with the cloud-based platform, UAA acts as a user store and stores user passwords in the UAA database using bcrypt. UAA also supports connecting to external user stores via LDAP and SAML. Once an operator has configured an external user store, such as Microsoft Active Directory, users can use their LDAP credentials to access the Cloud Foundry platform instead of registering a separate account. Alternatively, operators can use SAML to connect to an external user store and enable a login for users in the Foundry cloud platform.
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Which can be used to generate OAuth 2 tokens using the password grant flow for Cloud Foundry users who need to access the CF API. This UAA client is also used by the CF CLI. UA customer
Applications that users deploy to Cloud Foundry are on-premises. Positions are in orgs. To view and access the org or site, the user must be a member. Cloud Foundry uses role-based access control (RBAC), in which each role is granted permissions to a specific org or site. For more information about roles and permissions, see Organization, Fields, Roles, and Permissions.
Cloud Controller authenticates each request with the Service Broker API using HTTP or HTTPS, depending on the protocol you specify during broker registration. Cloud Controller rejects any broker registration that does not contain a username and password.
Service events associated with an application contain authentication data. Users specify binding credentials for user-provided service instances, while third-party brokers specify adoption credentials for managed service instances. The VCAP_SERVICES environment variable contains authentication information for any service attached to the application. Cloud Foundry creates this value from encrypted data stored in the CCDB. For more information about user-provided service events, see User-Provided Service Events.
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A third-party retailer may offer a customer a dashboard in its catalog. The dashboard client requires a text string defined as a
. Cloud Foundry does not store this secret in the CCDB. Instead, Cloud Foundry passes the secret to the UAA component for authentication using HTTP or HTTPS.
Software vulnerability management using Cloud Foundry releases and BOSH cells. New Cloud Foundry releases are made with updates to address code issues, while new cells are made with patches.
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